Earth worm classifications

Earthworms are classified into different types based on their ecological roles, habitats, and physical characteristics. The three main ecological types of earthworms are:

Epigeic earthworms live on the surface in the top layer of soil and organic matter. Compost worms such as Eisenia fetida (Red wiggler), Eisenia andrei (Tiger worm) and Dendrobaena (European nightcrawler) are in this group. Epigeic earthworms breakdown organic material, creating microbial rich worm castings used for improving soil.

Endogeic earthworms live in the upper layers of mineral soil. They burrow horizontally, feed on soil and organic material mixed within the soil. Research shows that these worms improve soil aeration, mix soil layers, and release nutrients with the help of beneficial microbes.

Anecic earthworms make permanent vertical burrows deep into the soil. Anecic earthworms come to the surface to drag organic matter into burrows, mixing soil and organic material. The burrows will enable air to move through the soil which is needed by plants and beneficial microbes. Soil structure and water holding capacity is improved by Anecic worms.